An ineffective breathing pattern is defined as inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate oxygenation. This diagnosis is related to the observed rate and depth of breathing, as well as abnormal chest expansion, and accessory muscle use that results in a breathing pattern that does not supply adequate ventilation to the body. The ABCs; … Read more

Excess fluid volume, fluid overload, and fluid or water retention are all phrases to describe the medical term, hypervolemia. Hypervolemia is when the body has too much fluid. Fluid overload occurs when the body can’t get rid of fluid or holds onto it (retention). The most common causes of true hypervolemia include underlying disease processes … Read more

Self-care deficit refers to a patient who is not adequately performing the activities of daily living (ADLs). This can include tasks related to feeding, bathing and hygiene practices, as well as getting dressed and completing toileting. Self-care deficits can also expand to more complex tasks, such as making phone calls or managing finances, which are … Read more

Falls are the most frequently reported safety incident among hospitalized patients, with 30-50% of falls resulting in injury of varying severity. Not all falls are preventable, though safety measures should always be implemented to reduce the risk. Falls can be reduced by 20-30% when risk factors are identified and matched with appropriate interventions. Nurses who … Read more

The skin is the body’s outermost defense system that keeps pathogens from entering and causing illness. When the skin is compromised due to cuts, abrasions, ulcers, incisions, and wounds, it allows bacteria to enter, causing infections. It is important that nurses understand how to assess, prevent, treat, and educate patients on impaired skin integrity. Causes … Read more