Gout, a common and painful form of arthritis, is characterized by hyperuricemia or elevated uric acid levels and the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. This type of arthritis is known for its painful flares that can last up to several weeks following periods without any symptoms. This condition occurs more commonly in … Read more
Pneumothorax or collapsed lung is caused by air leaking into the pleural cavity. In a normal lung, negative pressure exists between the visceral and parietal pleura or the pleural space. This pleural space contains minimal fluid that serves as lubrication when the tissues move. When air enters the pleural space, changes to the pressure will … Read more
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), also known as C. difficile, is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. The spores survive in unfavorable conditions and are easily transmitted through contact with objects and humans. C. difficile infection causes colitis and diarrhea. Nursing Process Since C. difficile infection is often related to a current antibiotic regimen that the patient is … Read more
Cardiomyopathy is used to describe a disorder that affects the heart muscle. It is characterized by the thickening, stretching, and stiffening of the heart, affecting the ability of the heart to pump blood. Types of Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy can affect anyone at any age and may have no known cause. These are the three major types … Read more
Cigarette smoking, a leading cause of preventable death all over the world, affects nearly all organs in the body, results in various diseases, and reduces overall well-being. Smoking can cause the following adverse health effects: Tobacco, which is the primary material used in cigarettes, contains toxic substances including carbon dioxide, nicotine, and tar. Carbon dioxide … Read more
Cancer, one of the leading causes of death in the world, is characterized by the unregulated or uncontrolled growth of cells that infiltrate and damage tissues and organs in the body. Symptoms of cancer can vary depending on which part of the body is affected. Some of the general signs of cancer include: Cancer cells … Read more
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), also known as peripheral artery disease (PAD), is a condition characterized by slow and progressive narrowing of the arteries of the extremities. This condition stems from structural damage in the blood vessels often caused by atherosclerosis when plaque blocks the flow of blood. Though PVD mainly affects the legs and feet, … Read more
Syncope is referred to as a brief lapse in consciousness causing fainting which is related to insufficient blood flow to the brain. Syncope is not usually a cause for concern but can be a warning sign for other illnesses. Common causes of syncope include the following: Syncope can be benign or a symptom of an … Read more
Placenta previa is a condition in pregnancy characterized by the implantation of the placenta in the lower part of the uterus covering a part or all of the opening of the cervix. This condition can result in bleeding during pregnancy or during the delivery of the baby. The placenta provides the growing fetus with nutrients … Read more
Hyperglycemia, a condition that is often associated with diabetes, means high blood glucose. This condition occurs when the body is not able to use insulin properly. A blood glucose level over 125 mg/dL may be considered hyperglycemic while fasting, and over 180 mg/dL after eating. Causes and Complications Hyperglycemia may be caused by various conditions … Read more