Diverticular disease (diverticulosis and diverticulitis) is a group of conditions associated with diverticula (bulging pouches) in the colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of multiple pouches in the colon and is often asymptomatic. Diverticulitis is when these diverticula become inflamed or infected, causing symptoms. While diverticula may occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, it is most … Read more
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of one or more pulmonary arteries by a blood clot. Large emboli obstruct pulmonary blood flow, causing reduced oxygenation, reduced gas exchange, decreased perfusion, pulmonary tissue hypoxia, and even death. Most PEs occur due to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities when a thrombus breaks off and … Read more
Chest pain or angina is the discomfort a person experiences when the heart does not get enough oxygen. Chest pain is not a disease itself, but a symptom of an underlying cause. The pain felt in angina can be described as squeezing, dull, sharp, crushing, or burning. Severe chest pain may be described as extreme … Read more
Substance abuse is a serious problem impacting the healthcare system and society as a whole. Substance abuse can refer to the use of illegal drugs, excessive use of alcohol, or the misuse of prescription or over-the-counter medications. Substance abuse often causes negative physical, emotional, and social outcomes. Long-term use of a substance creates dependence and, … Read more
Nausea is an unpleasant sensation in the throat, epigastric area, or abdomen that may cause a conscious desire to vomit but doesn’t always lead to vomiting. Nausea may occur in relation to gastrointestinal problems like infection, overeating, acid reflux, obstruction, and more. Nausea may also be related to anxiety disorders, as a side effect of … Read more
Mental health is an essential aspect of overall health and involves a person’s psychological, emotional, and social well-being. It affects the way a person feels, thinks, and acts, and determines how a person relates to others, handles stress, and makes decisions. Overview Mental health problems or illnesses can arise anytime throughout a person’s life. Various … Read more
Blood primarily functions as a transporter of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to and from different parts and organs of the body. A blood transfusion is a standard medical intervention that replaces blood lost due to the following reasons: Blood Components Blood components that a patient may receive include: Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are … Read more
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) occurs when a person suddenly stops or reduces drinking after heavy, long-term alcohol consumption. Heavy drinking is defined as five or more alcoholic beverages per day (or ≥ 15 drinks per week) for males. For females, the guideline is four drinks per day or ≥ 8 drinks in a week. Overview … Read more
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a type of mental health disorder that belongs to the cluster B personality disorders of the DSM-5 which are behaviors described as dramatic, emotional, or erratic. This condition is characterized by behavioral patterns of manipulation, exploitation, or violation of other people’s rights without any remorse. Overview Patients suffering from ASPD … Read more
Encephalopathy is a general term used to describe damage or disease affecting brain function. The causes are varied and can be related to infection, liver conditions, drug toxins, and more. Types of Encephalopathy Some of the major types of encephalopathy include the following: Symptoms and Diagnosis Symptoms of encephalopathy include: If not treated, encephalopathy can … Read more